本課主旨：新聞學研究結合敘事學或敘事理論已蔚為風潮，不僅可以深入了解新聞報導

之所以吸引閱聽大眾的因素之外，也可藉由敘事理論提升新聞學研究的面向與內涵，即

使面對各種崛起的嶄新媒體，新聞敘事依然緊緊鎖住閱聽大眾對於故事與情節亙古不移

的喜好，透過與敘事理論的結合，對於未來新聞敘事研究，相信會有更精彩的發展。

本課程與本所核心能力指標的接軌：

一、透過敘事理論的概述，從傳統結構主義敘事學到晚近後精典敘事學等各種不同觀點

    的爬梳，同學們可以深切了解敘事理論發展歷程與當前最新研究取向。

二、熟稔敘事理論基本論點與技巧後，未來在新聞傳播職場上，就能順利掌握新聞或相

    關行銷傳播等與敘事相關的訊息產製能力。

三、敘事理論講求如何說故事(narration)，包括事件、人物、場景與情節的安排，所以

    可以提升同學話語表達能力。

四、敘事理論充滿古今中外各種故事、小說、文學等題材，也含括語文、視聽、影視等

    各種不同媒材，所以可以涵育同學人文素養。

五、本課程由淺入深，逐步擴充理解敘事理論範疇與內涵，最後與新聞報導結合，尤其

    是與電視新聞敘事結構結構，為同學理出一條充分體認敘事理論與實務的路徑。

六、以電視新聞的結合敘事學與新聞學做為實例，希冀同學能夠以新聞為基礎，發展出

    諸多與敘事理論結合的嶄新領域創見。

課程大綱

W1  課程介紹

W2  敘事理論基本概念 /Nature of narrative

    / Lacey (2000). Introduction to narrative theory (pp. 5-18).

    / Berger (1997). The nature of narratives (pp. 1-16).

    / Bal (1997). Introduction (pp. 1-15).

    敘事：本事(fabula)、故事(story)、本事(fabula & event)

    / Bal (1997). pp. 175-195.

    向敘事轉(narrative turn)

    /Narrative turn in social science

      Czarniawska (2004). chap. 1 (pp. 1-16).

 ** 延伸閱讀： How to tell a story.

    / Lacey (2000). chap. 1 (pp. 5-77).

W3  故事與話語(story and discourse)、本事與情節(fabula and plot)

    / Chatman(1980). Chap. 1. Introduction (pp. 15-31).

    / Bal(1997). Story: aspects (pp. 78-99).

    故事與話語/故事與情節

    /申 丹(2004), /敘事的情節觀. 第一章、第二章(pp. 17-33、34-54).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    /故事與話語的區分

    /How stories are made / Czarniawska (2004). chap. 2 (pp. 17-32).

    /Story and discourse / Chatman(1980). (pp. 31-42).

W4  行動功能(functions) /故事事件與情節/事件的發生(happenings)(Chatman, 1980)

    Events of the story

    / Propp(1928/1968). Chap. 2, Method and material (pp. 19-24).

    / Propp(1928/1968). Chap. 3, Functions of dramatis personae (pp. 25-65).

    / Chatman(1980). Chap. 2. Story: events. (pp. 43-59).

    How to narrate events 如何敘述事件

    / Chatman(1980). Chap. 2. Story and discourse (pp. 59-84).

W5  故事中的場景與人物：存在物(Existents)

    / Chatman (1980). Story: existents. (pp. 96-145).

    / Bal(1997). Story: rhythm (pp. 78-99).

    / Bal (1997). Actors. (pp. 195-208).

    / Bal (1997). Location. (pp. 214-217).

W6  敘事結構分析 Structural analysis of narratives

    /Structural analysis of narratives

     Barthes (1966/1977). Image/Music/Text. (pp. 79-124).

    / Chatman(1980). Chap. 2. Story and discourse (pp. 84-95).

    / Propp(1928/1968). Chap. 7 & 8. (pp. 84-91).

    / Martin(1986). Formalist & semiotic theories of narratives(pp. 46-56).

 ** 延伸閱讀：(敘事的初始結構到複雜結構)

    Prince(1973). A grammar of stories: An introduction.

W7  敘事事件性、敘事性與新聞價值的比較

    / Prince(2003). Surveying narratology (pp. 1-16).

    / Schmid (2003). Narrativity and eventfulness (pp. 17-31).

    / Pier(2003). Semeotic parameters of narrative (pp. 73-93).

    * Above 3 in Kindt & Muller(Eds.) (2003).

    / Berger(1997). Theories of narrativity (pp. 18-38).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Genette(1972). Order (pp. 33-85).

    / Porter, et al., (2002). Redefining narrative events: Examining

      television narrative structure. (pp. 23-30).

W8  敘事情節與新聞框架

    / Abbott (2007). Story, plot and narration. (pp. 39-51).

    / Bridgeman (2007). Time and space. (pp. 52-65).

    * Above all in Herman (2007).

    / Johnson-Cartee(2005). News as narrative (pp. 147-181).

W9  Implied author 敘事裡的隱含作者

    / Chatman(1980). Discourse: Unnarrated stories (pp. 146-181).

    / Chatman (1990). In defense of the implied author (pp. 74-89).

    / Booth (2005). Resurrection of the implied author (pp. 75-88).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Genette(1972). Duration (pp. 86-112).

W10 Point of view 敘事點點

    / Bal(1997). Focalization (pp. 142-170).

    / Chatman(1990). Literary narrator (pp. 109-123).

    / Chatman(1990). Cinematic narrator (pp. 124-138).

    / Chatman (1990). A new point of view on "point of view" (pp. 139-160).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Prince(2001). A point of view on point of view or refocusing focalization

      (pp. 43-50). In van Peer & Chatman(2001).

    / Sack(2001). Actor-role analysis: Ideology, point of view, and the news.

      (pp. 189-205) In van Peer & Chatman(2001).

W11 從故事到敘述：Narrative and narration

    / Cohan & Shires(2003). Chap. 3, Structure of stories (pp. 52-82).

    / Cohan & Shires(2003). Chap. 4, Narration (pp. 83-112).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Cohan & Shires(2003). Chap. 5, Ideology, subjectivity, discourse (pp. 113-148).

    / Fludernik (2008). Reconceptualizing unreliable narration: Synthesizing

      cognitive and rhetorical approaches. In Phelan, J., & Rabinowitz, P. J.

      (Eds.), A companion to narrative theory (pp. 89-107).

W12 敘事學新觀點

    / Herman(1999). New perspectives on narrative analysis(pp. 1-30).

    / Herman(1999). Socionarratology(pp. 218-246).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Herman & Vervaeck (2005). Structuralism (pp. 41-102).

    / Herman(2008). History of narrative theory. In Phelan, J., & Rabinowitz,

      P. J. (Eds.), A companion to narrative theory (pp. 19-35).

    / Fludernik(2008). From structuralism to the present. In Phelan, J., &

      Rabinowitz, P. J. (Eds.), A companion to narrative theory (pp. 36-59).

W13 人際敘事/社會敘事學觀點 / Labov 的人際交談故事結構

    / Labov (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. (pp. 354-396).

    / Labov & Waletsky (1967). Narrative analysis. (pp. 12-42).

    / Bell (1998). Discourse structure of news stories (pp. 64-69).

    / 林東泰(2011)。<電視新聞敘事結構初探>。<<新聞學研究>>，108期，(頁237-240)

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Herman(1999). Socionarratology(pp. 218-246).

W14 電視新聞基本敘事結構

    Montgomery (2007). Broadcast news and discourse structure(pp. 1- 67).

    電視新聞的呈現方式

    Montgomery (2007). Discourse of TV news reports & interviews(pp. 69- 115).

    林東泰(2010)。<電視新聞敘事結構初探>。(中華傳播學會)

W15 新聞敘事結構分析(一)

    / van Dijk(1988). News schema (pp. 49-57)

    / Bell (1998). Discourse structure of news stories (pp. 69-104).

    / Bell(1991). Telling stories(pp. 147-174).

    / Bell(1991). Make-up of the news story(pp. 175-211).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Ryan(2004). Narrative across media. Part I. (pp. 47-75).

W16 新聞敘事結構分析(二)

    / van Dijk(1991). News schemata (pp. 118-150)

    / 蔡  琰、臧國仁(1999)。<新聞敘事結構：再現故事的理論分析>。頁1-28。

    / 林東泰(2011)。<電視新聞敘事結構初探>。<<新聞學研究>>，108期，頁225-264。

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    /林東泰(2009)。<敘事結構有兩種：故事結構與話語結構>。(中華傳播學會)

W17 後精典敘事學

    / Fludernik (2008). Reconceptualizing unreliable narration: Synthesizing

      cognitive and rhetorical approaches. In Phelan, J., & Rabinowitz, P. J.

      (Eds.), A companion to narrative theory (pp. 89-107).

 ** 延伸閱讀：

    / Herman (ed.), (1999). Postclassical approach (pp. 1-32).

    / Fludernik (2009). Theory of narratives (pp. 1-52).

W18 Term paper presentations.

評量方法：

(一)term paper 70%

    class discussion  30%

(二)期未報告：由同學針對某一類(專題)或某一則(專案)新聞，自行選定

    理論基礎和研究主題，主題、素材、理論、風格、媒材不拘，概採開

    放政策。

參考書目：

高辛勇(1987)：<<形名學與敘事理論：結構主義的小說分析法>>。台北：聯經。

申 丹(2004)：<<敘事學與小說文体學研究(第三版)>>。北京：北京大學出版社。

林東泰(2010)。<電視新聞敘事結構初探>。(中華傳播學會)

林東泰(2011)。<電視新聞敘事結構初探>。<<新聞學研究>>，108期，頁225-264。

蔡  琰、臧國仁(1999)。<新聞敘事結構：再現故事的理論分析>，<<新聞學研究

  >>，58期，頁1-28。

Bal, M. (1997). Narratology: Introduction to the theory of narrative. Toronto:

  University of Toronto Press.

Barthes, R. (1977). Image/Music/Text. NY: Hill and Wang.

Bell, A. (1991). The language of news media. Oxford: Blackwell.

Bell, A. (1994). Telling stories. In D. Graddol & O. Boyd-Barrett (eds.),

  Media texts: Authors and readers (pp. 119-136). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Bell, A. (1996/2007). The discourse structure of news stories. In van Dijk

  (Ed.), Discourse studies. vol. 1. pp. 58-89. Source：In A. Bell & P. Garrett

  (eds.) (1998), Approach to media discourse (pp. 64-104).

Bell, A., & Garrett, P. (eds.) (1998). Approach to media discourse. Oxford: Blackwell.

Berger, A. A. (1997). Narratives: In popular culture, media, and everyday

  life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Booth, W. C. (2005). Resurrection of the implied author: Why bother? In J.

  Phelan and P. Rabinowitz (eds.), A companion to narrative theory (pp. 75-88).

  Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Chatman, S. (1980). Story and discourse: Narrative structure in fiction and

  film. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Chatman, S. (1990). Coming to terms: The rhetoric of narrative in fiction

  and film. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Chatman, S. (1999). New directions in voice-narrated cinema. In D. Herman

  (ed.), Narratologies: New perspectives on narrative analysis (pp. 315-339).

  Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.

Cohan, S., & Shires, L. M. (1988). Telling stories: The theoretical analysis of

  narrative fiction. London: Routledge.

Czarniawska, B. (2004). Narratives in social science research. London: Sage.

Fludernik, M. (2009). An introduction to narratology. NY: Routledge.

Fulton, H., with Huisman, R., Murphet, J., & Dunn, A. (2005). Narrative and

  media. London: Cambridge University Press.

Genette, G. (1972). Narrative discourse: An essay in method. Ithaca, NY: Cornell

  University Press.

Grossberg, L., Wartella, E., Whitney, D. C., & Wise, J. M. (2006). Media making:

  Mass media in a popular culture (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Herman, D. (1999). Narratologies: New perspectives on narrative analysis. Columbus,

  OH: Ohio State University Press.

Herman, D. (ed.), (2007). The Cambridge companion to narrative. Cambridge, UK:

  Cambridge University Press.

Herman, L. & Vervaeck, B. (eds.), (2005). Handbook of narrative analysis.

  Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

Johnson-Cartee, K. S. (2005). News narratives and news framing: Constructing

  political reality. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Kindt, T., & Muller, H. (Eds.) (2003). What is narratology? Questions and answers

  regarding the status of a theory. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city: Studies in the black English

  vernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Labov, W., & Waletsky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal

  experience. In J. Helm (ed.), Essays on the verbal and visual arts (pp. 12-44

  ). Seatle: University of Washington Press.

Lacey, N. (2000). Narrative and genre: Key concepts in media studies. London:

  MacMillan.

Martin, W. (1986). Recent theories of narrative. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Montgomery, M. (2007). The discourse of broadcast news: A lingusitic approach.

  London: Routledge.

Phelan, J., & Rabinowitz, P. J. (Eds.) (2008). A companion to narrative theory.

  Oxford, MA: Blackwell.

Porter, M. J., Larson, D. L., Harthcock, A., & Nellis, K. B. (2002). Redefining

  narrative events: Examining television narrative structure. Journal of Popular

  Film and Television. 30(1): 23-30.

Prince, G. (1973). A grammar of stories: An introduction. The Hague: Mouton.

Prince, G. (1982). Narraotology: The form and functioning of narrative. Berlin: Mouton.

Prince, G. (2003). Surveying narratology. In T. Kindt (ed.), What is narratology?:

  Questions and answers regarding the status of a theory (pp. 1-12). Berlin:

  Walter de Gruyter & Co. KG Publishers.

Propp, V. (1928/1968). Morphology of the folktale. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Ryan, Marie-Laure (Ed.)(2004). Narrative across media: The languages of storytelling.

  Lincoln, NA: University of Nebraska Press.

Schmid, W. (2003). Narrativity and eventfulness. In T. Kindt (ed.), What is

  narratoloty?: Questions and answers regarding the status of a theory (pp. 17-

  33). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co. KG Publishers.

van Dijk, T. A. (1988). News as dicourse. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

van Dijk, T. A. (1991). Racism and the press: Critical studies in racism

  and migration. London: Routledge.

van Dijk, T. A. (1998). Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. Thousand Oaks,

  CA: Sage.

van Peer, W., & Chatman, S. (Eds.) (2001). New perspectives on narrative perspecitve.

  Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.